Q
Who was the First Jew? Was Abraham a Jew? Are the terms “Jew” and
“Israelite” synonymous?
A.
Yahweh gave the first covenant to Abraham because of his faithfulness and
obedience. There were no Jews at that time. The covenant was renewed with his
son Isaac, and with Ya’akob (Jacob), Isaac’s son.
So
Abraham was not a Jew. .Jews are descendants of the tribe of Judah, one of the
12 sons of Jacob. Jacob was later given the additional name “Israel” by
Yahweh, and the tribes that sprang from these 12 sons became known as the nation
of Israel. These sons, in order of birth and their mothers are as follows. By
Leah: Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah. Then she gave off bearing, and Bilhah,
Rachel’s maid, bore him Dan and Naphtali. Then Zilpah, Leah’s maid, bore Gad
and Asher. Next, Leah became active again, and had Issachar, Zebulon, and the
only daughter, Dinah. Then Rachel, Jacob’s true love, had Joseph and Benjamim.
She died in childbirth delivering Benjamin while on the way to Ephrath, another
name for Bethlehem (Gen. 35:16-18). Just as she was dying, she named him, “Benoni,”
which means “son of my sorrow,” but Jacob changed it to Benyamin, meaning
“son of the right hand.”
Joseph,
a favorite of Jacob (he favored both of Rachel’s sons over all the others,
because he loved their mother) had two sons by an Egyptian wife, Asenath:
Manasseh, the eldest, and Ephraim the younger. When Jacob grew old and knew his
time to die was near, he blessed these two boys and adopted them as his own sons
(Gen. 48:16). So in effect, there were 13 tribes. However, in the Kingdom Joseph
will have two portions, but be considered one tribe again (Eze. 47:13 and Rev.
21:12).
The
term “Jew” is short for Judah, the fourth of the 12 sons of Jacob, and the
land they occupied came to be known as “Judea,” also from the word
“Judah.” Some think of the Jews as being all of the Israelites, but this is
not so. After the death of Solomon, his son Rehoboam became king. A delegation
from the northern 10 tribes, led by Jereboam, who had already rebelled against
the unwise policies of Solomon, came to meet with Rehoboam. They told him that
if he would give them some relief from his father’s cruel demands, they would
serve him. Rehoboam asked for three days to think it over and to get advice. The
old men who had been in Solomon’s service, advised him to heed their request
and lighten the burden imposed by Solomon. But when he asked the young hotheads
that he had grown up with, they advised him to make conditions even worse than
they had been under Solomon. Naturally, he took their advice and ignored the old
men.
This
caused a split in Israel. The northern 10 tribes rebelled and set up a capital
in Samaria; with “holy sites” at Bethel and Dan, and changed the fall feasts
to the 8th month so the Israelites would not return to Jerusalem for
the proper Feasts in the 7th month. He also reintroduced idol (Baal)
worship.
Because
of their sins, Yahweh sent them into captivity to Assyria in 721-718 BCE, from
which they never returned. Instead, they migrated northward and westward into
Europe, and from there to North America, Australia, South Africa, all in
fulfillment of Jacob’s prophecies for his sons and especially his two
grandsons, children of Joseph, Ephraim and Manasseh. He gave the younger,
Ephraim, the greater blessing (see
Gen. 48-49). The only two modern nations or commonwealth of nations that fit
these prophecies are Great Britain and the USA.
Later,
in 518 BCE, Yahweh sent Judah into captivity to Babylon because of their refusal
to repent of their terrible sins. But they came back after about 70 years and
rebuilt Jerusalem. See the books of Ezra and Nehemiah, and Jeremiah 25:1-11,
29:10, and Dan. 1:2.
So
the Jews returned, and continued to be known as Judah, but the main body of
Israelites, known primarily as Ephraim, never returned. There is evidence,
however, that they still lived nearby and were known in the days of Yahshua and
afterward. Note that Yahshua said He was not sent but to the lost sheep of the
house of Israel (Mat. 15:24), and that the Apostle James (Ya’akob, a
half-brother of Yahshua) addressed his letter thus:
“Ya’akob,
a servant of YHWH and of the Master, Yahshua the Messiah, to the twelve
tribes which are scattered abroad, greeting.”
However,
again because of their sins, Judah was attacked and Jerusalem and the Temple was
sacked and destroyed in 69-70 CE (Christian Era) by the Romans.
They were
dispersed but kept their identity and their religion of Judaism. As evidenced by
Yahshua in Matthew 23:2-3 and other places, they were not living by Torah. They
were more of the “Don’t do as I do, do as I say” variety. They did not
return to the Promised land as a people or as a nation, until after the Balfour
Declaration of 1917 made it possible. Even then, it was 31 more years before
Israel became a reality. They are today called Israel, but in reality are only
“Judah,” one of the 12 (13) tribes. The others will not be reunited with
them until the time of Ezekiel’s “two sticks” prophecy is fulfilled in the
“last days.” (Ezekiel 37, 38, 39).
Here
is part of a long article from a Google web page (http://www.mideastweb.org/mebalfour.htm)
“There are
different theories about why the British agreed to issue the Balfour declaration
when they issued it. One possibility is that the declaration was deliberately
contrived to allow the British to renege on earlier promises to France and the
Arabs regarding Palestine. Lloyd George reportedly said that British control
over Palestine would prevent it from falling into the hands of the agnostic
atheistic French. Another hypothesis, is that the declaration was intended
to curry favor with the Jews, so that the Jews in the United States and Russia
would influence their governments to support the British cause in the war.
However, the declaration did not fall as a bolt from the blue, but was rather
the culmination
of a long tradition in Britain that supported restoration of the Jews to
their own land for philosophical, religious and imperialistic motives.”
I have my own
“theories” – I believe that it was orchestrated by the hand of Yahweh, and
performed by the hands of Judah’s brother (nephew), Ephraim (Britain), with
help from Manasseh (the USA). Who has, until just lately, supported Israel
through thick and thin? The US and Britain, often against the rest of the world,
who hates the tiny nation of Israel almost as much as the Arabs do. But very
recently, at the insistence of the Bush and Blair governments, Israel has given
up part of its sovereign territory that Almighty Yahweh gave them millennia ago.
Ariel Sharon has a lot to answer for, too. He has given to their sworn enemies
vital territory that the Arabs will use to further attack Israel. But this is
from Yahweh, just as their previous problems were caused by their sins. We are
near the end-time, both chronologically and “signs-wise.” Everything that is
happening is right down the line according to signs in many Old Testament
prophecies, as well as the words of Yahshua in Mat.24; the writings of Paul, and
the book of Revelation.
To understand these
prophecies today, we must know two vital things – first, understand that all
prophecy is not written in chronological order. Even in the Book of Ezekiel, the
events of chapters 38 and 39 will come before the events of chapter 37. And even
there, the events of chapter 37, latter part, will precede the first few verses.
And second, understand who the nations are that are spoken of in Bible prophecy.
They do not go by the names they were known by in ancient times. Some did not
even exist then, although their forebears did.
For
a good treatise on this subject, write to me or to the address below for an
article written by Steven M. Collins, titled “What Ezekiel 38-39 Reveals
About a Future World War III.” It, and a two-page preface by Word of
Truth Ministry, 7411 WCR 24H, Loveland, CO 80538, is 32 pages long, and well
worth the read if you want to understand end-time prophecies. ~
Q.
What about sin after baptism? Does it invalidate your baptism?
A.
Not necessarily. We are told to “sin no more”(John 5:14 and 8:11), but we
are also still human, and subject to the pulls of our human nature. In
Yahchanan’s first letter, he tells us:
(1
John 2:1-2 NRSV) "My little
children, I am writing these things to you so that you may not sin. But if
anyone does sin, we have an advocate with the Father, Yahshua the Messiah
the righteous; {2} and he is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not for
ours only but also for the sins of the whole world."
This shows that post-repentance sins can be forgiven. But then we read in the Letter to the Hebrews, this:
(Heb 10:24-29
NRSV) "And let us consider how
to provoke one another to love and good deeds, {25} not neglecting to meet
together, as is the habit of some, but encouraging one another, and all the more
as you see the Day approaching. {26} For if we willfully
persist in sin after having received the knowledge of the truth, there
no longer remains a sacrifice for sins, {27} but a fearful
prospect of judgment, and a fury of fire that will consume the adversaries. {28}
Anyone who has violated the law of Moses dies without mercy "on the
testimony of two or three witnesses." {29} How much worse punishment do you
think will be deserved by those who have spurned the Son of Yahweh, profaned the
blood of the covenant by which they were sanctified, and outraged the Spirit of
grace?"
Did you catch the difference? “IF we willfully persist in sin….there no longer remains a sacrifice for sins.” This means that if you slip up on some point and sin, you can be forgiven. But if you forsake Yahweh and return to your former sinful ways, He will not continually forgive you. This is “willful sin.” But if you are overtaken in a fault, you must repent and correct yourself as soon as possible after the transgression. If someone else calls it to your attention, accept it in meekness and humility.
(Gal 6:1-2 NRSV)
"My friends, if anyone is detected in a transgression, you who have
received the Spirit should restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness. Take
care that you yourselves are not tempted. {2} Bear one another's burdens, and in
this way you will fulfill the law of the Messiah."
Incidentally, this is not some new law that Yahshua came up with. It is exactly the same Law (the Torah) that Yahweh gave so long ago to His people through Moses, with some modifications, the chief one being that the priesthood has been changed, Temple rituals, including animal sacrifice, is in abeyance for now, and we now have access to the Holy Spirit to lead and guide us. ~
Q.
The Commandment says do no work at all on the Sabbath. How, then, can the Elders
and Deacons “work” on the Sabbath, setting up and taking down tables,
chairs, PA systems, etc., without being guilty of Sabbath breaking?
A. Yahweh commanded for His people to have a Holy Convocation on His Holy Sabbath Day (Lev. 23:1-3). He also commanded for His priests of old to do certain chores on the Sabbaths. Yahshua referred to these chores when He said, in Matthew 12:
(Mat 12:5 KJV)
"Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the
priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless?"
We find some of these duties listed in Lev. 24.6-9, and Num. 28.9-10. Today, the same principle applies. While we do not have animal sacrifices to make, there are chores to be done to get a building ready for services – especially today, since a great many of us use rented halls, and thus cannot leave our supplies and equipment there from week to week. Even meeting in homes requires some activity that could be deemed “work.” However, all this “getting ready” should be kept to a minimum, and as much as possible should be done on the sixth day, Preparation Day. ~
Q.
Why is it important to arrive on time for Sabbath services, Holy Days, etc.? And
why should we “dress up” for the occasion?
A.
Why is it important to
be anywhere on time? If you have a dentist appointment at 2:30, would you show
up at 3:00 and expect to be served? If you received a ticket and ordered to
appear in court at 9:00 AM, and decided to go at noon instead, would you be
surprised if they arrested you and tossed you in jail? If you are invited to a
wedding at 10 AM and show up at 11 instead, wouldn’t this be cause for
embarrassment? What would the host and other guests think?
And
worse yet, what if you were wearing your every-day work garments, instead of
being properly dressed? Yahshua gave a parable about that. Read about that in
Matthew 22:12. This man got tossed out. Yahweh wants the best from us. If we can
dress to the hilt for a wedding or for a friend’s formal party, why do we
think He is pleased if we show up in our everyday work clothes?
That
trend seems to have been promoted by country music “stars” with little
appreciation for decency or decorum. Last year we happened to tune to the
national CMA awards show, and we saw men performers, the idols of their fans,
appear to perform or accept awards in slouch hats, ragged jeans with the knees
out, and a general “don’t give a hoot what people think, I’ll do my
thing” attitude. And of course the women “stars” had lots of paint and
lots of cleavage to display.
Now
after considering all the above, consider this: When we come to Yahweh’s
services on Yahweh’s High Holy Sabbath, or annual High Days, we are coming to
appear before the King of the entire Universe – the Creator, Sustainer, Judge,
Jury, you name it! It isn’t proper to keep Him waiting. We should be
diligent to arrive
on time to avoid disrupting services while we get settled in. Yahweh
gives those “in charge” leeway to set a time that is appropriate for
the most people. And we should make an effort to dress a little better than if
we were going to work. The key to remember, we are here to please Yahweh, and
not ourselves. He always required the best sacrifices; He still does. Let’s do
all we can to honor Him by our appearance.
Consider Acts 2. The Apostles were there before 9 AM on the Day of Pentecost (Shavuot), according to verses 1 and 15. Acts 2:1 And when the day of Pentecost was fully come, they were all with one accord in one place.
Notice
“…was fully come,…” I believe that means the day and the
appointed hour had come. The day began at dark the evening before, but the time
for the meeting in the Temple was the next day, apparently about 9AM.
Yahweh
is very precise. He decreed the time for the Passover lamb to be slain
(afternoon of Abib 14); the times for the morning and evening sacrifice, the
lighting of the lamps, the time that we are to fast on the Day of Atonement (Day
of Covering), which is, ..” in the ninth day of the month at
even, from even unto even, shall ye celebrate your sabbath.” (Lev. 23:27-32). This
is in Tishri (the 7th month). There are many other examples. One more
is the exact precise time the Savior died, to become our Passover sacrifice. He
died at about 3 PM on Abib 14, the very same time the lambs were slain since the
days of Moses just before they left Egypt.
Please
think on these things. Let’s be doers of the Word and not hearers
only. A word to the wise is said to be sufficient. ~
Q.
(a) I have been invited to a friend’s wedding, and they scheduled it on a
weekly Sabbath. Should I go?
(b) My doctor changed my appointment from a week day to a Sabbath. Should I keep
it?
(c) My favorite football team has an important game that starts Sabbath
afternoon about two hours before sundown. Is it OK with Yahweh if I watch?
(d) Sometimes, on my job, I am asked to stay over on Friday afternoon when my
relief fails to show up. It often lasts past sunset. What should I do?
(These
and other similar questions have been asked or alluded to about the Sabbath
lately. One answer will cover all of them)
A.
The
Commandment says we shall do NO work on that seventh day, which is defined as
from even to even in the Torah (Lev. 23:32). Other places in the Testimony
(writings of the prophets) define Sabbath-keeping even further. One of them is
found in Isaiah 58:
(Isa
58:13-14 NRSV) "If you refrain
from trampling the sabbath, from pursuing your own interests on my holy day; if
you call the sabbath a delight and the holy day of Yahweh honorable; if you
honor it, not going your own ways, serving your own interests, or pursuing
your own affairs; {14} then you shall take delight in Yahweh, and I will
make you ride upon the heights of the earth; I will feed you with the heritage
of your ancestor Jacob, for the mouth of Yahweh has spoken."
Here
is a key to remember: ANYTHING or ANYBODY that we put ahead of or let come
between us and Yahweh constitutes an idol. The definition of an idol is
something that supplants Yahweh. Idolators ignore (mostly in ignorance)
Yahweh’s command in this regard. Many sincerely believe that bowing down
before a picture of Mary, for example, is an act of devotion. Well, it is –
but to whom? All the situations I have mentioned do constitute idolatry. We are
putting something between us and serving Yahweh as He commanded.
While
this pretty well covers all the situations I have been asked about, or told of,
there are other admonitions against polluting Yahweh’s Sabbath Day. Here are a
few of the many:
Buying
and selling.
(Nehemiah
13:15-22 NRSV) "In those days
I saw in Judah people treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in
heaps of grain and loading them on donkeys; and also wine, grapes, figs, and all
kinds of burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day; and I
warned them at that time against selling food.
{16}
Tyrians also, who lived in the city, brought in fish and all kinds of
merchandise and sold them on the sabbath to the people of Judah, and in
Jerusalem. {17} Then I remonstrated with the nobles of Judah and said to them,
"What is this evil thing that you are doing, profaning the sabbath day?
{18} Did not your ancestors act in this way, and did not our Elohim bring all
this disaster on us and on this city? Yet you bring more wrath on Israel by
profaning the sabbath."
{19} When it began to be dark at the gates of Jerusalem before the sabbath, I commanded that the doors should be shut and gave orders that they should not be opened until after the sabbath. (Ed Note – here is proof from the testimony of a prophet that the Sabbath begins at dusk, NOT at sunrise so some suppose) And I set some of my servants over the gates, to prevent any burden from being brought in on the sabbath day. {20} Then the merchants and sellers of all kinds of merchandise spent the night outside Jerusalem once or twice. {21} But I warned them and said to them, "Why do you spend the night in front of the wall? If you do so again, I will lay hands on you." From that time on they did not come on the sabbath. {22} And I commanded the Levites that they should purify themselves and come and guard the gates, to keep the sabbath day holy. Remember this also in my favor, O my Elohim, and spare me according to the greatness of your steadfast love."
We
absolutely must learn to put Yahweh and the teachings of His Son, Yahshua the
Messiah, first in our lives. If we do not, we have a fearful future ahead of us.
(Rev
20:14-15 KJV) "And death and
hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. {15} And
whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of
fire."
This
is the eternal death from which there is no resurrection. But should we serve
Yahweh merely to save our skins, or should it be because we love Him? Well, a
little bit of both. Fear can be a great motivator. But we should only fear Him
when we are going against His will. If
we know the Truth and then begin to think we can “get away” with walking
outside that Truth, we have reason to fear. Let’s do as the Apostle Peter
admonished on the Day of Pentecost – “Repent and be baptized, every one of
you in the name of Yahshua the Messiah for the remission of sins, and ye shall
receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.” If we are baptized IN our sins, instead
of FROM them, then we go in the water a dry sinner, and come out a wet sinner.
We
must have Yahweh’s Holy Set Apart Spirit dwelling in our hearts and minds in
order to be saved. This is the main difference between the old (first) covenant,
and the new (renewed) covenant. We are promised in Jeremiah 31:31-34 that He
will write His Laws in our hearts. This is reiterated in Hebrews 8:8-10, and
refers to that indwelling presence. Paul writes in Romans 8 that if we do not
have this Spirit, we are “none of His (Yahshua’s).” Read all of Romans 8,
especially the first 20 verses.
Perilous
times are coming – in fact, they are upon us now. Dangers are lurking at every
turn. The enemies of right are marshalling under their champion, General Satan
T. Devil himself. All the demon hordes that rebelled with Satan and all the
human hordes that they have influenced to hatred, are right now being prepared
to lash out at us. There are enemies without, and enemies within. Yahshua said
that some of them would even be members of our own families. This time is called
“the Great Tribulation” in Scripture, and takes place just before the return
of Yahshua to resurrect the dead saints, and to change those of us still alive,
from flesh to spirit. Many of us are prophesied to be martyred for our faith.
Are we now strong enough to withstand torture unto death?
Read Mat. 24 and visualize yourself in such circumstances. Can you
survive? Will you survive? Pray without ceasing, as Paul admonished us to do.
Pray for Yahweh to deliver us from the evil one. Be strong. Resist temptation.
Resist Satan and he will flee from you. If we have to die, then we die. But it
will be for only a short time until our glorious resurrection, so don’t
despair, but rejoice that we have opportunity to suffer for the Kingdom’s
sake. Remember Paul’s words:
(2
Thes. 1:3-5 NRSV) "We must
always give thanks to Yah for you, brothers and sisters, as is right, because
your faith is growing abundantly, and the love of everyone of you for one
another is increasing. {4} Therefore we ourselves boast of you among the
Assemblies of Yahweh for your steadfastness and faith during all your
persecutions and the afflictions that you are enduring. {5} This is evidence of
the righteous judgment of Yahweh, and is intended to make you worthy of the
kingdom of Yahweh, for which you are also suffering."
So,
if we have to suffer, remember it will only be for a little while. Let it be for
the right reasons and not because we violated any of His Commandments, including
the Sabbath day. If you have to err, let it be on the side of safety. ~
Q.
Almost everyone agrees that the Creator’s Name is h
w h y in Hebrew
(YHWH or Yod Hay Waw Hay in English), but some claim different pronunciations of
these four letters. What is correct? Does anyone really know?
A.
No one
alive today has heard the Creator pronounce His Name, but there are clues to the
best way to say it. It is a word that can be spoken by anyone, from any ethnic
background. It is a word that can be breathed. While there are differences of
opinion among the various Assemblies, there is no absolute certainty. All
efforts at pronunciation are better than “LORD” and “GOD.”
We
know the “Yah” part is correct, because of Psalm 68:4, which gives us the
short or poetic form. This is simply “Yah,” as you might say “yeah.”
There is no hard “H” sound at the end. It is silent, like the “H” in
“AH” You would not say “a-HAH!” to pronounce “ah.” This then leaves
us with the “weh” part. Again, the “H” on the end does not have a hard
“H” sound. It is silent, just like the first “H”. So we have “wey,”
or “way,” or simply “weh,” with a slight emphasis on the “h”.
Here
below are some excerpts from the prefaces to several Bibles, which I have quoted
in my booklet, “A Cardinal Sin; What Bible Translators Have Done To Our
Creator’s Holy Name.” So let’s look at them, and see
what the translators themselves say about what they have done, and what they
know about its pronunciation:
The
Bible, a
new translation by James Moffatt, pub. Harper
& Row: (from the introduction,
page xx-xxi): One crucial instance
of the difficulty offered by a Hebrew term lies in the prehistoric name given at
the exodus by the Hebrews to their God. Strictly
speaking, this ought to be rendered “Yahweh,” which is familiar to modern
readers in the erroneous form of “Jehovah.”
Were this version intended for students of the original, there would be
no hesitation whatever in printing “Yahweh.”
But almost at the last moment I have decided with some reluctance to
follow the practice of the French scholars and of Matthew Arnold (though not
exactly for his reasons), who translate this name by “the Eternal,” except
in an enigmatic title like “the Lord of hosts.”
There is a distinct loss in this, I fully admit; to drop the racial,
archaic term is to miss something of what it meant for the Hebrew nation.
On the other hand, there is a certain gain, especially in a book of
lyrics like the Psalter, and I trust that in a popular version like the present
my choice will be understood even by those who may be slow to pardon it.
(Note
that he said the Hebrews gave this name to their “God.”
That is wrong. Yahweh gave
this Name to Himself. See Exodus
3:14-15, where He introduced Himself to Moses, and Exodus 20:1-2, where He
introduced Himself to all the people. Remember
that where your Bible quotes Him as saying, “I am the LORD,” the original as
spoken by Him, said, “I am Yahweh.” Note
also that he said he decided to follow man’s tradition, instead of the
original inspired words, and even admits there is a distinct loss by so doing.)
The
New English Bible
With the Apocrypha, pub. Oxford Univ.
Press; Cambridge Univ. Press: (From the Introduction, page xvi):
[they explain that the original Hebrew text was written only in
consonants, but in order to preserve what they regarded as the correct
pronunciation, the Rabbis added vowel-signs to the text.
Then they say:]
“One
variation of this convention is of special importance, inasmuch as it affects
the divine name. This personal
proper name, written with the consonants YHWH, was considered too sacred to be
uttered; so the vowels for the words ‘my Lord’ or ‘God’ were added to
the consonants YHWH, and the reader was warned by these vowels that he must
substitute other consonants. This
change having to be made so frequently, the Rabbis did not consider it necessary
to put the consonants of the new reading in the margin.
In course of time the true pronunciation of the divine name, probably Yahweh,
passed into oblivion, and YHWH was read with the intruded vowels, the vowels of
an entirely different word, namely, ‘my Lord’ or ‘God’.
In late medieval times this mispronunciation became current as Jehova,
and it was taken over as Jehovah by
the Reformers in Protestant Bibles. The
present translators have retained this incorrect but customary form in the text
of passages where the name is explained with a note on its pronunciation (e.g.
Exodus 3.15) and in four place-names of which it forms a constituent element;
elsewhere they have followed ancient translators in substituting ‘LORD’ or
‘GOD’, printed as here in capital letters, for the Hebrew name.”
(Note
they admit they have “retained this incorrect but customary form,”
and “have followed ancient translators in substituting LORD or GOD....
for the Hebrew Name.”)
The
International Inductive Study Bible,
Harvest House, Pub.
(From the Preface, page iv):
In
regard to the divine name YHWH, commonly referred to as the Tetragrammaton,
the translators adopted the device used in most English versions of rendering
that name as “LORD” in capital letters to distinguish it from Adonai,
another Hebrew word rendered “Lord,” for which small letters are used.
The
Good News Bible, today’s English version, American
Bible Soc. (From
the preface, page 2):
Following
an ancient tradition, begun by the first translation of the Hebrew Scriptures
(the Septuagint) and followed by the vast majority of English translations, the
distinctive Hebrew name for God (usually transliterated Jehovah
or Yahweh), is in this translation
represented by “LORD.” When Adonai,
normally translated “Lord,” is followed by Yahweh,
the combination is rendered by the phrase “Sovereign LORD.”
(Note
first that they admit they are following tradition and not the
scriptures. Then, they say that
Yahweh’s Name is “represented by LORD.”
Also, they erroneously state that the Septuagint used a substitute for
the Name. Actually, according to The
Kingdom Interlinear Translation of the Greek Scriptures,[1969] Foreword,
pages 11 & 12, the Septuagint, although written in Greek, did contain the
divine Name, YHWH, in Aramaic characters, instead of the later Kurios and Theos,
which is Greek for Lord and God. In
case you are unfamiliar with the Septuagint, it was the first translation of the
Hebrew Scriptures into another language. It
was done at Alexandria, Egypt about 200 BCE, by 70 or 72 Hellenistic Jewish
scribes. Hence the name, which
means, Seventy {LXX} in Greek).
The
Jerusalem Bible, Reader’s
Edition, Doubleday and Company, Pub. (A Catholic Version.
This version correctly transliterates His Name in the Old Testament, but
still maintains the erroneous titles in the New Testament):
Exodus
3:13-15, quoted verbatim: Then
Moses said to God, “I am to go, then, to the sons of Israel and say to them,
‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you.’
But if they ask me what his name is, what am I to tell them?”
And God said to Moses, “I Am who I Am.
This,” he added, “is what you must say to the sons of Israel: ‘I Am
has sent me to you.’” And God
also said to Moses, “You are to say to the sons of Israel:
‘Yahweh, the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of
Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you.’
This is my name for all time; by this name shall I be invoked for all
generations to come.”
(Underline
added for emphasis).
More
from Scholarly sources:
“The
true pronunciation of the Name YHWH was never lost. Several early Greek writers
of the Christian Church testify that the name was pronounced ‘Yahweh.’” Encycl.
Judaica, pg 680, The Macmillan Co., NY 1971.
“Early
writers such as Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a
form like Yahweh, and this pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was never really
lost.”” The
New Encyclopedia Britannica, Pg. 804.
“The
form Yahweh is a scholarly attempt at reconstruction..” Cambridge Ency.
Of Language, David
Crystal
Ency. Of Language, David Crystal, pg 9, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. (end
quotes)
I
studied an article on one web site concerning pronunciation of the Names, and
found it to contain some errors. For example, the author says, correctly, that
the Name is composed of the four Hebrew letters, read right to left, hwhy,
or in English, YHWH. Then he goes on to say that there is no letter for W in the
Hebrew alphabet. This is not so. The “waw” or w
is the sixth
letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Truth is, the letter “w” had two spin-offs -
the “u” and the “v”. Because of Germanic influence, some think we should
pronounce the “waw” with a “v” sound. So they come up with “YAHVAH”
or “YAHVEH.” However, no reliable linguistic experts, research scholars, or
religious historians have found any evidence to support this.
Then
the author tries to make a comparison between the word Judah (yeh-hoo-daw)
and Yahweh. He says that if we take the dalet (d) out of Judah, we are left with
yeh-hoo-aw, pronounced YehHOOaw, and that is Yahweh’s correct name. Not so
fast! The name Judah or Yudah or Yudaw or Yehoodaw, is NOT from Yahweh’s Name.
It is the name of Jacob’s fourth son and is from the Hebrew word, yadah,
yaw-daw'. Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary gives this meaning: “a prim. root; used
only as denom. from H3027; lit. to use (i.e. hold out) the hand; phys. to throw
(a stone, an arrow) at or away; espec. to revere or worship (with extended
hands); intens. to bemoan (by wringing the hands):--cast (out), (make) confess
(-ion), praise, shoot, (give) thank (-ful, -s, -sgiving).” In short, it is
used in this context as a praise word.
There
are other inaccuracies in the article, but this will suffice for the purpose of
answering the question. Almost
all authorities, even those who refuse to use it, agree that the most likely
pronunciation for YHWH is “Yahweh” or “Yah-u-weh” with very slight
emphasis on the “u” and none on the “h.” Remember, both “h’s” are
silent, as in the word, “Ah.” I hope this clears up the difficulty some have
with pronouncing His Name. HalleluYAH! ~